【什么叫非谓语动词】在英语语法中,非谓语动词是一个非常重要的概念。它指的是不能单独作谓语的动词形式,通常需要与主语或其他成分搭配使用,起到名词、形容词或副词的作用。非谓语动词主要包括三种形式:不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
为了更清晰地理解非谓语动词,以下是对这三种形式的总结,并附上表格进行对比。
非谓语动词的分类及功能
类型 | 形式 | 功能说明 | 示例句子 |
不定式 | to + 动词 | 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等 | To learn English is important.(作主语) |
I want to go.(作宾语) | |||
动名词 | V-ing | 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 | Swimming is good for health.(作主语) |
I enjoy reading.(作宾语) | |||
现在分词 | V-ing | 作定语、状语、补语、表语 | The girl running is my sister.(作定语) |
Seeing the movie, he was moved.(作状语) | |||
过去分词 | V-ed / V3 | 作定语、状语、补语、表语 | The book written by him is interesting.(作定语) |
Given more time, we could finish it.(作状语) |
非谓语动词的常见用法
1. 不定式
- 作主语:To see is to believe.
- 作宾语:I hope to meet you.
- 作目的状语:She went to the store to buy some milk.
2. 动名词
- 作主语:Swimming is fun.
- 作宾语:He enjoys playing football.
- 作表语:Her job is teaching.
3. 现在分词
- 作定语:The man standing there is my teacher.
- 作状语:Walking in the park, she felt relaxed.
- 作补语:We saw the car moving fast.
4. 过去分词
- 作定语:The broken window needs repair.
- 作状语:Given the chance, I would try again.
- 作补语:They found the door locked.
小结
非谓语动词是英语学习中的一个难点,但掌握其基本形式和用法后,可以帮助我们更准确地理解和运用英语句子。通过合理使用非谓语动词,可以使语言表达更加简洁、自然。建议多做练习题,结合实际语境来加深理解。
以上内容为原创总结,旨在帮助学习者更好地理解“什么叫非谓语动词”这一语法知识点。